Under what condition may a police official take fingerprints without a warrant?

Taking fingerprints without a warrant is permitted primarily when there are reasonable grounds to suspect that a person has committed a serious offence. This standard ensures that law enforcement can conduct procedures that may otherwise require a warrant while balancing individual rights. The concept of "reasonable grounds" implies that the officer has credible information or observable evidence that suggests criminal activity has occurred, meeting a threshold that justifies immediate action without the delay involved in obtaining a warrant.

The other scenarios listed do not provide the same level of justification for warrantless fingerprinting. A person's appearance or previous history alone is not sufficient to bypass the legal requirement of a warrant, as this could lead to arbitrary or discriminatory enforcement. Similarly, general cooperation with police does not eliminate the need for a warrant unless there are specific reasons grounded in law.